The Open Biology Journal

2008, 1 : 27-34
Published online 2008 August 21. DOI: 10.2174/1874196700801010027
Publisher ID: TOBIOJ-1-27

RESEARCH ARTICLE
 Cell Death: A One-Way Journey to the Graveyard

Vincenzo Giansanti and Anna Ivana Scovassi, *

* Address correspondence to this author at the IGM-CNR, Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Tel: +39-0382-546334; Fax: +39-0382-422286; E-mail: scovassi@igm.cnr.it

ABSTRACT

Tissue homeostasis is ensured by the correct balance between cell proliferation and death, the latter mainly occurring through a multi-step program, named apoptosis, which ultimately leads to the breakdown of cellular DNA and proteins. Apoptosis is activated under physiological developmental conditions, during metamorphosis and atrophy of tissues and organs, sexual differentiation and cell turnover, and can also be triggered by various external stimuli, including DNA damage, growth factor deprivation and metabolic stress. The main features of apoptosis will be described in detail. Although apoptosis is recognised as the main type of programmed cell death, cells may die by alternative mechanisms, e.g. autophagy and necrosis. Their properties will be discussed in this review.